STAR AND CRESCENT, PORTSMOUTH.
Constantinople
The star and crescent symbol was originally used as the flag of Constantinople.
According to legend in 339 BC the city of Byzantium, (later known as Constantinople and then Istanbul), won a decisive battle under a
brilliant waxing moon which they attributed to their patron Goddess Artemis (Diana in Roman mythology) whose symbol was the crescent moon.
In honor of Artemis the citizens adopted the crescent moon as their symbol.
When the city became the Christian Roman Constantinople in 330 AD, Constantine also added the Virgin Mary's star on the flag.
Isaac Comnenus of Cyprus
Isaac Comnenus was the last ruler of Cyprus before the Frankish conquest during the Third Crusade.
He was a minor member of the Comnenus family, a great nephew of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus (1143-1180) and a grandson of the
Sebastocrator Isaac.
The coat of arms used by Issac Comnenus was a crescent moon and an eight pointed star on an azure background, adopted in relation with his
family links to the Byzantine emperor.
Emperor Manuel made Isaac governor of Isauria and the town of Tarsus in present-day eastern Turkey, where he started a war with the
Armenians and was imprisoned by them.
When Isaac was released in 1185, he hired a troop of mercenaries and sailed to Cyprus. He presented falsified imperial letters
that ordered the local administration to obey him in everything and established himself as ruler of the island.
Richard the Lionheart
In 1192 the fiancée and the sister of the English King Richard I Lionheart were shipwrecked on Cyprus and were taken captive by Isaac.
In retaliation Richard conquered the island while on his way to Tyre.
Isaac was taken prisoner near Cape St. Andreas on the Karpass Peninsula,
the northernmost tip of the island. According to tradition, Richard had promised Isaac not to put him into irons, so he kept him
prisoner in chains of silver.
At this time Richard adopted the star and crescent symbol, which Issac Comnenus had been using, as his own.
Isaac was turned over to the Knights of St. John, who kept him imprisoned in Margat near Tripoli until he was released in c. 1194.
Portsmouth Coat of Arms
In 1194 it was King Richard I, Richard the Lionheart, who granted the Town of Portsmouth its first charter.
The star and crescent symbol is also present on the seal of William de Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, who as Lord Chancellor, was involved in the
in the granting of Portsmouth's charter.
It is believed that the Town of Portsmouth adapted the symbol to use as its coat of arms in tribute to King
Richard, for his patronage in granting Town status.
The Star and Crescent symbol is known to have been used by Mayors of Portsmouth from at least the seventeenth century
and probably earlier from the middle ages.
The motto 'Heaven's Light Our Guide' was incorporated into the coat of arms in 1929, it is the same motto that was
also used by the Order of the Star of India and was used on Indian troopships which regularly travelled between
Portsmouth and the East.
Cigarette card.
This cigarette card shows an example of the Star and Crescent as used in the Portsmouth Town Arms. It was was published by the Wills company in 1903 and is part of
their series titled Borough Arms.
The text on the reverse of the card reads,
"An eight rayed star, or "estoile", within a crescent. The design recalls the national
flag of Turkey, and the badge adopted by Richard I, John and Henry III at the time of the Crusades.
It is quartered on the arms of the London and South Western Railway Company."
The arms of the London and South Western Railway Company can be seen on the badge to the right, the Portsmouth coat of arms is shown in the lower, right hand quarter,
directly next to the Southampton Coat of Arms, also served by the L&SWR.
The L&SWR began as a railway to link Southampton and London, but over time expanded further to provide services to towns such as
Exeter, Plymouth, Ilfracombe, Bude and Padstow.
During this expansion it acquired or leased many other smaller railway companies, in 1923 the L&SWR was itself taken over and became part
of the Southern Railway.
